History
The first schools in England were created in the late 6th century at cathedrals and monasteries to train priests and monks to conduct church services. Because of the Viking invasions, it was not until the 13th century that universities developed. Students formed groups that eventually became the earliest colleges, founded by bishops and exclusively for wealthy males. Oxford was the first university established in England. At that time, university students decided when and what they would study and employed their own instructors. If they became bored with one professor, they just hired another one.The students used the professors' books and kept notes on parchment or wax tablets.
Function
Many scholars believe that Oxford University, the first secondary school, was established in 872 by King Alfred. However, it is more likely that Alfred established grammar schools to encourage education throughout his territory. Oxford did not actually become a university until the 2th century when students formed groups with popular scholars. There were no actual at that time. Oxford and the area townspeople did not get along. Thus, in 1209, the students moved to Cambridge. Five years later, the traders in Oxford persuaded some of the students to return. Robert Grosseteste was named the first chancellor.The first students lived with the townspeople or in halls, such as St. Edmundl, opened in 1238. About that time, the first colleges were also established. Each had its own buildings, land and self-governance. University College dates to 1249. When the printing press was invented, books no longer were a luxury and became much more common. Students learned grammar, rhetoric, mathematics, astronomy and music.
ConsiderationsSignificance
Oxford has a long list of prominent graduates. It has graduated four British kings and at least eight foreign kings and 28 presidents and prime ministers. There are over 45 Nobel prize-winners, 7 saints, 86 archbishops, 18 cardinals, and 1 pope. In addition, 7 of the last 11 British Prime Ministers were from this school. Students and faculty include numerous well-known scientists, artists and noteworthy individuals in almost all career areas. Other graduates consist of scientists Stephen Hawking, Anthony James Leggett, and Tim Berners Lee; actors Hugh Grant, Kate Beckinsale, Dudley Moore and Richard Burton; writers Evelyn Waugh, Lewis Carroll, Aldous Huxley, Oscar Wilde, Percy Shelley, John Donne, and Philip Larkin; adventurers Lawrence of Arabia and Walter Raleigh; and media magnate Rupert Murdoch.
The first schools in England were created in the late 6th century at cathedrals and monasteries to train priests and monks to conduct church services. Because of the Viking invasions, it was not until the 13th century that universities developed. Students formed groups that eventually became the earliest colleges, founded by bishops and exclusively for wealthy males. Oxford was the first university established in England. At that time, university students decided when and what they would study and employed their own instructors. If they became bored with one professor, they just hired another one.The students used the professors' books and kept notes on parchment or wax tablets.
Function
Many scholars believe that Oxford University, the first secondary school, was established in 872 by King Alfred. However, it is more likely that Alfred established grammar schools to encourage education throughout his territory. Oxford did not actually become a university until the 2th century when students formed groups with popular scholars. There were no actual at that time. Oxford and the area townspeople did not get along. Thus, in 1209, the students moved to Cambridge. Five years later, the traders in Oxford persuaded some of the students to return. Robert Grosseteste was named the first chancellor.The first students lived with the townspeople or in halls, such as St. Edmundl, opened in 1238. About that time, the first colleges were also established. Each had its own buildings, land and self-governance. University College dates to 1249. When the printing press was invented, books no longer were a luxury and became much more common. Students learned grammar, rhetoric, mathematics, astronomy and music.
ConsiderationsSignificance
Oxford has a long list of prominent graduates. It has graduated four British kings and at least eight foreign kings and 28 presidents and prime ministers. There are over 45 Nobel prize-winners, 7 saints, 86 archbishops, 18 cardinals, and 1 pope. In addition, 7 of the last 11 British Prime Ministers were from this school. Students and faculty include numerous well-known scientists, artists and noteworthy individuals in almost all career areas. Other graduates consist of scientists Stephen Hawking, Anthony James Leggett, and Tim Berners Lee; actors Hugh Grant, Kate Beckinsale, Dudley Moore and Richard Burton; writers Evelyn Waugh, Lewis Carroll, Aldous Huxley, Oscar Wilde, Percy Shelley, John Donne, and Philip Larkin; adventurers Lawrence of Arabia and Walter Raleigh; and media magnate Rupert Murdoch.
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